Alfabetização em saúde e comportamentos alimentares estratificados pela presença de comorbidades em professores brasileiros da rede pública

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2025.50.15195

Palavras-chave:

Literacia em Saúde, Rotulagem de Alimentos

Resumo

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação transversal entre letramento em saúde (LS) e comportamentos alimentares (uso de rótulos nutricionais e comportamentos alimentares) em professores de escolas públicas, de uma grande cidade do Sul do Brasil. O LS foi avaliada por meio do instrumento Newest Vital Sign. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram ajustados para covariáveis ​​sociodemográficas e a análise foi estratificada pela presença de obesidade, hipertensão, diabetes e dislipidemia. Dos 961 professores estudados, 37,0% foram classificados com LS adequado. O LS adequado foi associado à verificação mais frequente de calorias (Razão de prevalência [RP]:1,34; Intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,13-1,58), sódio (RP:1,27; IC 95%:1,11-1,46), gordura insaturada ( RP :2,36; IC95%:1,53-3,65) e gordura trans (RP:1,81; IC95%:1,39-2,36), uso mais frequente dessas informações para orientar o consumo alimentar (RP:1,23; IC95%:1,02- 1,49), bem como menor consumo frequente de alimentos ultraprocessados ​​(RP:0,62; IC95:0,41-0,93). No entanto, o LS adequado também foi associado a uma menor frequência de verificação de açúcares ou açúcares simples (RP:0,53; IC 95%:0,33-0,87) nos rótulos dos alimentos, a uma maior prevalência de consumo frequente de bebidas carbonatadas açucaradas (RP:1,23; 95 % IC) :1,03-1,64), mas não conseguiu se correlacionar com importantes comportamentos alimentares saudáveis, como o consumo de frutas e vegetais. A análise estratificada pela presença de comorbidades sugere que o LS adequado esteve associado à consulta de apenas alguns itens nos rótulos dos alimentos e apresentou poucas associações com os hábitos alimentares. Estes resultados sugerem que, pelo menos para os professores, o LS tem um efeito discreto na procura de informação e nos hábitos alimentares.

Referências

1. Thomson AM, McHugh TA, Oron AP, Teply C, Lonberg N, Vilchis Tella V, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence and mortality burden of sickle cell disease, 2000–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Haematol [Internet]. 2023 Aug;10(8):e585–99. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352302623001187

2. Feliciano SC da C, Villela PB, de Oliveira GMM. Association between Mortality from Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and Human Development Index in Brazil between 1980 and 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2023;120(4):1–10.

3. Krebs P, Norcross JC, Nicholson JM, Prochaska JO. Stages of change. In: Norcross JC, Wampold BE, editors. Psychotherapy relationships that work. Oxford University Press New York, NY; 2019. p. 296–328.

4. Stormacq C, Wosinski J, Boillat E, Den Broucke S Van. Effects of health literacy interventions on health-related outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged adults living in the community: A systematic review. JBI Evid Synth. 2020;18(7):1389–469.

5. Grzymisławska M, Puch EA, Zawada A, Grzymisławski M. Do nutritional behaviors depend on biological sex and cultural gender? Adv Clin Exp Med. 2020;29(1):165–72.

6. Dos Santos GMGC, Silva AMR, de Carvalho WO, Rech CR, Loch MR. Perceived barriers for the consumption of fruits and vegetables in Brazilian adults. Cienc e Saude Coletiva. 2019;24(7):2461–70.

7. Paviani L, Girotto E, Rumiato AC, Rodrigues R, González AD. Association between self-reported food intake and subjective sleep quality among truck drivers in a city in Southern Brazil. Dialogues Heal. 2023;2:100098.

8. Rodrigues R, Birolim MM, De Andrade SM, González AD, Mesas CE, Fernández-Rodríguez R, et al. Job strain is prospectively associated with a lower frequency of fruit consumption in schoolteachers. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(7):1678–86.

9. Geboers B, Reijneveld SA, Jansen CJM, de Winter AF. Health literacy is associated with health behaviors and social factors among older adults: Results from the lifelines cohort study. J Health Commun [Internet]. 2016;21(Suppl 2):45–53. Available from: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc13&NEWS=N&AN=2016-48558-008

10. Sekiyama FM, Rodrigues R, Mesas AE, González AD, De Andrade SM. Reading the nutritional information on food labels among teachers with and without hypertension in Brazil. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10(1).

11. Liu C, Wang D, Liu C, Jiang J, Wang X, Chen H, et al. What is the meaning of health literacy? A systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Fam Med Community Heal. 2020;8(2):1–8.

12. Nutbeam D, Lloyd JE. Understanding and Responding to Health Literacy as a Social Determinant of Health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020;42:159–73.

13. Cha ES, Kim KH, Lerner HM, Dawkins CR, Bello MK, Umpierrez G, et al. Health literacy, self-efficacy, food label use, and diet in young adults. Am J Health Behav. 2014;38(3):331–9.

14. Walters R, Leslie SJ, Polson R, Cusack T, Gorely T. Establishing the efficacy of interventions to improve health literacy and health behaviours: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–17.

15. González AD, de Almeida Lopes ACB, de Andrade SM, Gabani FL, da Silva Santos MC, Rodrigues R, et al. Schoolteachers with voice handicap are twice as likely to report depressive symptoms. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2022;279(8):4043–51.

16. Rodrigues R, De Andrade SM, González AD, Birolim MM, Mesas AE. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) health literacy instrument in general population and highly educated samples of Brazilian adults. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(11):1907–13.

17. World Health Organization. Healthy diet. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean; 2019. 19 p.

18. Rajah R, Hassali MAA, Murugiah MK. A systematic review of the prevalence of limited health literacy in Southeast Asian countries. Public Health [Internet]. 2019;167:8–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.028

19. Stormacq C, Van Den Broucke S, Wosinski J. Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health disparities? Integrative review. Health Promot Int. 2019;34(5):E1–17.

20. Miranda R, Meeks KAC, Snijder MB, van den Born BJ, Fransen MP, Peters RJ, et al. Health literacy and hypertension outcomes in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS study. Eur J Public Health. 2019;

21. Borges FM, Silva ARV da, Lima LH de O, Almeida PC de, Vieira NFC, Machado ALG. Letramento em saúde de adultos com e sem hipertensão arterial. Rev bras enferm. 2019;72(3):679–86.

22. Rothman RL, Housam R, Weiss H, Davis D, Gregory R, Gebretsadik T, et al. Patient understanding of food labels. The role of literacy and numeracy. Am J Prev Med. 2006;31(5):391–8.

23. Oberne A, Vamos C, Wright L, Wang W, Daley E. Does health literacy affect fruit and vegetable consumption? An assessment of the relationship between health literacy and dietary practices among college students. J Am Coll Heal. 2022;70(1):134–41.

24. Jindarattanaporn N, Rittirong J, Phulkerd S, Thapsuwan S, Thongcharoenchupong N. Are exposure to health information and media health literacy associated with fruit and vegetable consumption? BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2023;23(1):1554. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16474-1

25. Speirs KE, Messina LA, Munger AL, Grutzmacher SK. Health Literacy and nutrition behaviors among Low-income adults. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23(301):1082–91.

26. Krause C, Sommerhalder K, Beer-Borst S, Abel T. Just a subtle difference? Findings from a systematic review on definitions of nutrition literacy and food literacy. Health Promot Int [Internet]. 2016;daw084:1–12. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/heapro/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/heapro/daw084

27. Brouwer ID, van Liere MJ, de Brauw A, Dominguez-Salas P, Herforth A, Kennedy G, et al. Reverse thinking: taking a healthy diet perspective towards food systems transformations. Food Secur. 2021;13(6):1497–523.

28. Mesas AE, Girotto E, Rodrigues R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Jiménez-López E, López-Gil JF. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2023;(0123456789).

Downloads

Publicado

2025-07-02

Como Citar

Rodrigues, R., Mesas, C. E., González, A. D., Loch, M. R., & Mesas, A. E. (2025). Alfabetização em saúde e comportamentos alimentares estratificados pela presença de comorbidades em professores brasileiros da rede pública . Revista Contexto & Saúde, 25(50), e15195. https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2025.50.15195

Edição

Seção

Artigo Original