Profile of patients who evolved with cerebral vascular accident in the post-operatory of heart surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Neurological complications represent an important agent of morbidity in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Because it is a complex procedure, it is very important to know the clinical profile to develop measures that reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in cardiac surgeries. Objective: To identify risk factors and clinical data of patients who progressed to stroke in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve replacement (VT) surgery. Methodology: Cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and documentary study. Patients aged 18 years or over undergoing CABG and VT with conventional non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technique were included on an elective basis, from January to December 2017, who survived until hospital discharge and presented as a complication neurologic stroke in the postoperative period. Discussion: The medical records of 7 patients were analyzed, with a predominance of VT surgery and male gender. The mean age was 68.71 years. They present risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and sedentary lifestyle, advanced age, ejection fraction above >50%. Laboratory alterations were observed; among which increased glucose and hemoglobin and increased use of noradrenaline. Among the complications, respiratory had the highest prevalence. Conclusion: Although CABG has a different evolution than VT, mainly due to the use of anticoagulants, they presented a similar profile of greater complexity. They presented several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, as well as a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, greater use of noradrenaline, laboratory alterations and associated postoperative complications, especially respiratory ones.