Antibiofilm activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg against Gram-positive bacteria

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2026.51.16315

Palavras-chave:

Medicinal plants, Biofilms, Antimicrobial, Natural Resource, Bioproducts

Resumo

Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg is an endangered species endemic to the Cerrado whose therapeutic potential has yet to be fully elucidated. Few studies have shown this plant has antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activity. In this study, the activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of E. klotzschiana O. Berg against Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated by determining the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. All the bacteria were able to form biofilm, with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 being classified as strong biofilm formers, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990 as moderate biofilm formers. The ethanolic extract showed slight antimicrobial activity, but was active against biofilm formation at concentrations ranging from 0.039 to 1.250 mg.mL-1. We conclude that the ethanolic extract was active against the biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria, and that further studies with E. klotzschiana O. Berg should be carried out to confirm the plant's therapeutic potential.

Referências

1. Oliveira GS, Lopes PSN, Neto FRC, Carvalho JG, Gavilanes ML. Caracterização de plantas de Eugenia klotzschiana Berg (Pêra-do-Cerrado) e do ambiente de sua ocorrência na região fisiográfica dos campos das vertentes de Minas Gerais. Revista da Universidade de Alfenas. 1999; (5) 9-13.

2. Lucena EMP, Alves RE, Zevallos LC, Luz EWM, Brito ES. Biodiversidade das Myrtaceae brasileiras adaptadas à Flórida, EUA. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física. 2014; 7(2):327-340, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.2.p327-340

3. Martinelli G, Moraes M. Livro vermelho da flora do Brasil / texto e organização tradução Flávia Anderson, Chris Hieatt. 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Andrea Jakobsson: Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2013.

4. Siqueira MN. Transferability and genetic variability of microsatellite markers genic Eugenia klotzschiana Berg (Myrtaceae) [dissertação de mestrado]. Goiânia, GO: Genetics and Molecular Biology - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia; 2014. 81 p.

5. Vicente EO. Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de folhas, caules e raízes de Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg (Myrtaceae) [dissertação de mestrado]. Goiânia, GO: Mestrado em Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2020. 78 p.

6. Carneiro NS, Alves CCF, Alves JM, Egea MB. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Eugenia klotzschiana Berg (Myrtaceae). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2017; 89(3), doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160652

7. Carneiro NS, Alves, JN , Alves CCF , Esparandim VR. Óleo essencial das flores de Eugenia klotzschiana (Myrtaceae): Composição química e atividades tripanocida e citotóxica in vitro. Revista Virtual de Química. 2017; 9(3):1381-1392. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20170080

8. Takao LK, Imatomi M, Gualtieri SCJ. Atividade antioxidante e conteúdo fenólico de infusões foliares de espécies de Myrtaceae do Cerrado (Savana Brasileira). Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2015; 75(4): 948-952. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.03314

9. Alves CF, Cagnin C, Belisario CM, Silva MAP, Miranda MLD, Filho JGO, Alves JM, Pereira PS, Silva FG, Egea MB. Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg fruits as new sources of nutrients: Determination of their bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and chemical composition. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 2019 (62): e19170562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2019170562

10. Ciofu O, Moser C, Jensen PO, Hoiby N. Tolerance and resistance of microbial biofilms. Nature Reviews Microbioly. 2022; 20(10):621-635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00682-4

11. Coenye T, Bové M, Bjarnsholt, T. Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility through an experimental evolutionary lens. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022; 8 (82): 1-11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-022-00346-4

12. Domenico E., Farulla I., Prignano G., et al. Biofilm is a major virulence determinant in bacterial colonization of chronic skin ulcers independently from the multidrug resistant phenotype. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051077

13. Fiedler T., Köller T., Kreikemeyer B. Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms - formation, biology, and clinical relevance. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2015; 5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00015

14. Ali A, Zahra A, Kamthan M, et al. Microbial biofilms: applications, clinical consequences, and alternative therapies. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(8): 1934. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081934

15. Asma ST, Imre K, Morar A, et al. An overview of biofilm formation–combating strategies and mechanisms of action of antibiofilm agents. Life. 2022, 12(8):1110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081110

16. Pompilio A., Scocchi M., Mangoni ML, et al. Bioactive compounds: a goldmine for defining new strategies against pathogenic bacterial biofilms? Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2022, 49(1):117–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2022.2038082

17. Mohamad F, Alzahrani RR, Alsaadi A, Alrfaei BM, Yassin AEB, Alkhulaifi MM, Halwani M. An Explorative Review on Advanced Approaches to Overcome Bacterial Resistance by Curbing Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Infect Drug Resist. 2023; 5(16):19-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s380883

18. Ribeiro CL, Pereira MJ, Ramiro AP, et al. Botanical, phytochemical and biological activity studies of the leaves of Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg. Revista Sapiência: Sociedade, Saberes e Práticas Educacionais. 2023, 12(1): 47-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31668/revsap.v12i1.13935

19. Cechinel Filho V, Yunes RA. Estratégias para a obtenção de compostos farmacologicamente ativos a partir de plantas medicinais: Conceitos sobre modificação estrutural para otimização da atividade. Química Nova. 1998, 21(1): 99-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40421998000100015

20. Zayed SM, Aboulwafa MM, Hashem AM, Saleh SE. Biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and its inhibition by green tea extracts. 2021; AMB Express; 11(1): 73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-021-01232-6

21. Wayne PA. Clinical and laboratory standards institute: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: informational supplement, M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2018

22. Martínez A, Manrique-Moreno M, Luna MCK, Stashenko E, Zafra G, Ortiz C. Effect of essential oils on growth inhibition, biofilm formation and membrane integrity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(12):1474, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fantibiotics10121474

23. Obistioiu, D, Ileana C, Emil T, Viorel H, Monica N, Alexandra C, Alina-Georgeta N, Antoanela LC, Ileana N, Anca H, Hadulov I, Ersilia A. "Phytochemical Profile and Microbiological Activity of Some Plants Belonging to the Fabaceae Family". Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (6): 662. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060662

24. Vestby L, Gronseth T, Simm R, Nesse LL. Bacterial biofilm and its role in the pathogenesis of disease. Antibiotics. 2020; 9 (59). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fantibiotics9020059

25. Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Y. Prevalence and therapies of antibiotic-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2020; 10(107):1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107

26. Howden BP, Giulieri SG, T WFL, Baines SL, Sharkey KL, Lee JYH, Hachani A, MonkIan IR, Stinear T P. Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2023; (21): 380–395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00852-y

27. Nobuhiro A, Daisuke S, Hiroyuki S, Hideo K, Mao H, Hiroki W, Arufumi S, Yusuke K, Yuka Y, Hiroshige M. Clinical characteristics and relevance of coagulase-negative Staphylococci other than S. epidermidis by positive blood culture. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2021; 54(4):632-638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.001

28. Gherardi G. Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 3;24(9):8182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098182

29. Brown MM, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus epidermidis - Skin friend or foe? PLoS Pathog. 2020; 16(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1009026

30. Severn MM, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus epidermidis and its dual lifestyle in skin health and infection. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2023; (21): 97–111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00780-3

31. Krawczyk B, Wityk P, Gałęcka M, Michalik M. The many faces of Enterococcus spp. - Commensal, probiotic and opportunistic pathogen. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091900

32. Ali IA, Neelakantan P. Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review. Phytotherapy Research. 2022; 36(7):2824-2838, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7488

33. Fernández-Hidalgo N, Escolà-Vergé L, Pericàs JM. Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: What’s next? Future Microbiology. 2020; 15(5):349–364, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0247

34. Shree P, Singh CK, Sodhi KK, Surya JN, Singh DK. Biofilms: Understanding the structure and contribution towards bacterial resistance in antibiotics. Medicine in Microecology. 2023; 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2023.100084

35. Ribeiro CL, Pereira MJ, Ramiro AP, Martins JLR, Naves PLF, Peixoto de CP. Estudos botânico, fitoquímico e de atividades biológicas das folhas de Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg. Revista Sapiência: Sociedade, Saberes e Práticas Educacionais. 2023; 12(1):47–64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31668/revsap.v12i1.13935

36. Dias, MC, Diana CGAP, Artur MSS. "Plant Flavonoids: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity" Molecules 2021; 26 (17):5377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175377

37. Costa MCB, Rodrigues LARL, Crisóstomo JM. Efeito da suplementação de catequinas na perda de peso em indivíduos obesos: uma Revisão Sistemática. Research, Society and Development. 2021; 10(3), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13185

38. Górniak I, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J. Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2019; (18):241–272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z

39. Ribeiro CL, Barbaresco MJ, de Melo AM, Chagas ALS, Ramiro AP, de Paula JAM, Peixoto JC, Naves PLF. Atividade dos extratos etanólico e hexânico das folhas de Eugenia Klotzschiana O. Berg contra biofilmes de Candida sp. isoladas da cavidade bucal. Revista Interfaces: Saúde, Humanas e Tecnologia. 2024; 12(4), 4706-4722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16891/2317-434x.v12.e4.a2024.pp4706-4722

40. Zhao Y, Qu Y, Q Y, Tang J, Chen J, Liu J. Tea catechin inhibits biofilm formation of meticillin-resistant S. aureus. Journal of Food Quality. 2021; (1):1-7, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873091

41. Ivanov M, Novović K, Malešević M, Dinić M, Stojković D, Jovčić B, Soković M. Polyphenols as Inhibitors of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria-Mechanisms Underlying Rutin Interference with Bacterial Virulence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022; 21;15(3):385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15030385

42. Kauffmann C, Soares APV, Arossi K, Pacheco, LA, Buhl B, Freitas de EM , Hoehne L, Castro, de LC, Gnoatto, SCB, Ethur, EM. Potencial antimicrobiano e antibiofilme in vitro de espécies do gênero Eugenia, Myrtaceae, nativas do Sul do Brasil. Caderno pedagógico. 2017; 14(2):110-127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22410/issn.1983-0882.v14i2a2017.1512

43. Buhl B, Silva BP, Pereira CA, Schneider G, Willrich, JE, Freitas, de EM, Hoehne L, Ethur, EM. Prospecção fitoquímica e inibição da formação de biofilmes de Listeria monocytogenes por extratos (aquoso bruto e fracionados) de Eugenia pitanga. Observatório de la Economía Latinoamericana. 2023; 21(10): 15606-15622, DOI: https://doi.org/10.55905/oelv21n10-060

44. Famuyide IM, Aro AO, Fasina FO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated South African Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) species and their selectivity indices. BMC Complement Alternative Medicine. 2019; 19(1):141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2547-z

45. Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CM, Sousa, AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. Phytomedicine. 2023; 119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973

Downloads

Publicado

2026-01-02

Como Citar

Ribeiro, C. L., Barbaresco, M. J., Amaral, A. das G., Chagas, A. L. S., da Silva, L. A., Ramiro, A. P., … Naves, P. L. (2026). Antibiofilm activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg against Gram-positive bacteria. Revista Contexto & Saúde, 26(51), e16315. https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2026.51.16315

Edição

Seção

Artigo Original