From "victimhood" to "parasitism": The stigma of refugees as a social mechanism for the (de)effectiveness of personality rights in the post-truth era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21527/2317-5389.2025.26.16541Keywords:
Human rights, dignity, far-right, immigration, refugeAbstract
This study investigates the impact of the stigma associated with being a refugee on the (in)effectiveness of personality rights in the post-truth era. The stigma intensifies the vulnerability of refugees, perpetuating cycles of exclusion and dehumanization. The research also explores how the post-truth era contributes to the perpetuation of stigmatizing narratives, which oscillate between portraying refugees as "pitiful" or "parasites." The theoretical approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, examines how these perceptions influence anti-immigration policies and social reception in host countries. The analysis reveals that the crisis faced is both migratory and human rights-related, where the dignity of refugees is constantly threatened by misinformation and the manipulation of narratives. The study concludes that stigma and post-truth, working together, become powerful tools in the erosion of refugee rights, contributing to their social marginalization.
References
ALTO COMISSARIADO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA OS REFUGIADOS (ACNUR). Pacto Global sobre Refugiados. Disponível em: https://www.acnur.org/portugues/pacto-global-sobre-refugiados/#:~:text=Em%2017%20de%20dezembro%20de,civil%2C%20setor%20privado%20e%20especialistas. Acesso em: 30 ago. 2024.
BAUMAN, Zygmun. Estranhos à nossa porta. Tradução de Carlos Alberto Medeiros. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2017.
BECKER, Howard. S. Outsiders: Estudos de sociologia do desvio. Tradução de Maria Luiza X. de A. Borges. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2009.
BLINDER, Scott; REINO, Mariña Fernández; RICHARDS, Lindsay. UK Public Opinion toward Immigration: Overall Attitudes and Level of Concern. Oxford, Inglaterra: COMPAS, 2023. Relatório. Disponível em: https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/MigObs-Briefing-UK-Public-Opinion-toward-Immigration-Overall-Attitudes-and-Level-of-Concern.pdf. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2024.
BLUMER, Herbert. A sociedade concebida como uma interação simbólica. In: BIRBAUM, P. CHAZEL, F. Teoria sociológica. Tradução de Gisela Stock de Souza e Hélio de Souza. São Paulo: Hucitec-EdUSP, 1977.
CASTLES, Stephen; HAAS, Hein de; MILLER, Mark J. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. 6ª ed. Londres – Inglaterra: Red Globe Press, 2020.
COULON, Alain. A Escola de Chicago. Tradução de Tómas R. Bueno. Campinas, SP: Papirus, 1995.
DURKHEIM, Émile. As regras do método sociológico. São Paulo: Martin Claret, 2001.
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM (EUAA). Latest Asylum Trends. Applications for Asylum in the EU+ in march 2025 (n=67.000). Disponível em: https://euaa.europa.eu/latest-asylum-trends#list-item-15281. Acesso em: 22 maio 2025.
GOFFMAN, Erving. Estigma: Notas sobre a manipulação da identidade deteriorada. Tradução de Márcia Bandeira de Mello Leite Nunes. 4ª Ed. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, 2019.
GREAT BRITAIN. Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024. Legislation.gov.uk, 25 de abr. de 2024. Disponível em: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2024/8/2024-04-25. Acesso em: 09 jun. 2024.
HAAS, Hein de. How Migration Really Works: The Facts About the Most Divisive Issue in Politcs. New York: Basic Books, 2023.
MENEZES, Thais Silva; REIS, Rossana Rocha. Direitos humanos e refúgio: uma análise sobre o momento pós-determinação do status de refugiado. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. v. 56, n. 1, p. 144-162. 2013. Disponível em https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-73292013000100008. Acesso em: 25 ago. 2024.
MOREIRA, Julia Bertino; BORBA, Janine Hadassa Oliveira Marques de. Invertendo o enfoque das “crises migratórias” para as “migrações de crise”: uma revisão conceitual no campo das migrações. Revista brasileira de estudos de população. n. 38, p. 1-20. 2021. Disponível em https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0137. Acesso em 25 ago. 2024.
OIM. World Immigration Report 2024 (IOM/UN Migration). Geneva: International Organization for Migration, 2024. Disponível em: https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/. Acesso em 22 maio 2025.
QUADROS, Paulo. Dissimulacro-ressimulação: ensejos da cultura do ódio na era do Brasil pós-verdade. Media & Jornalismo. [s. l.]. v. 18, n. 32, p. 201-218. 2018. Disponível em https://impactum-journals.uc.pt/mj/article/view/2183-5462_32_14. Acesso em 27 ago. 2024.
STUMPF, Juliet. The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime, and Sovereign Power. American University Law Review, v. 56, n. 2, p. 367-419, dez. 2006. Disponível em: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol56/iss2/3/. Acesso em: 20 maio 2025.
TRUMP, Donald. Entrevista concedida a Eric Cortellessa, Alex Altman, Massimo Calabresi e Sam Jacobs. Time, Nova Iorque, 12 dez. 2024. Disponível em: https://time.com/7201565/person-of-the-year-2024-donald-trump-transcript/. Acesso em: 24 maio 2025.
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES – UNHCR. Mid-Year Trends: 2024. UNHCR, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.unhcr.org/mid-year-trends-report-2024. Acesso em: 22 maio 2025.
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES – UNHCR. Refugee Data Finder – Key Indicators. UNHCR, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/. Acesso em: 22 maio 2025.
UNITED STATES. Immigration and Nationality Act. Public Law 82-414, 27 jun. 1952. Disponível em: https://www.uscis.gov/laws-and-policy/legislation/immigration-and-nationality-act. Acesso em: 23 maio 2025.
WERLANG, Guilherme Vendruscollo. Da Biopolítica a Necropolítica: Tratados Internacionais, Políticas Anti-Imigração e Educação sobre Migrantes. 2020. 112 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, 2014. Disponível em: https://repositorio.unisc.br/jspui/bitstream/11624/2769/1/Guilherme%20Vendruscollo%20Werlang.pdf. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2024.
ŽIŽEK, Slavoj. Tolerance as an Ideological Category. Critical Inquiry. v. 34, n. 4, p. 660-682. 2008. Disponível em https://doi.org/10.1086/592539. Acesso em 25 ago. 2024.
ŽIŽEK, Slavoj. En defesa de la intolerancia. Tradução para o espanhol de Antonio José Antón Fernández e Javier Eraso Ceballos. Madri: Sequitur, 2007.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Direitos Humanos e Democracia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Revista Revista Direitos Humanos e Democracia agree to the following terms:
The works published in Revista Direitos Humanos e Democracia follow the license for journals and research in all environments, whether commercial or non-commercial, that make up the international scientific communication system. The journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The editorial team authorizes free access and wide distribution of the published content, provided that the source is cited, i.e., credit is given to the authors and Revista Direitos Humanos e Democracia, and the text is preserved in its entirety. Authors are allowed to deposit pre-print and post-print versions in institutional or thematic repositories or on their personal webpage (website, blog), as long as it is open access and without any embargo period.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows sharing the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are authorized to enter into separate additional contracts for non-exclusive distribution of the work published in this journal (e.g., publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal webpage) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive changes, as well as increase the impact and citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
