Risk stratification in diabetes mellitus: an integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2026.51.18205Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, risk factors, primary health careAbstract
Objective: To summarize the methods, instruments, and measurements used for risk stratification in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), highlighting its applicability in different levels of health care. Method: integrative review of literature conducted in eight national and international databases, including studies published from 2016 to 2025. After the application of thorough eligibility and analysis criteria, 52 studies formed the final sample. Results: The findings were organized in four main categories: composed indices for risk stratification; scales and multidimensional scores; anthropometric and routine lab indicators; and advanced diagnostic methods. Evidence has shown that simple, accessible, low cost tools, such as anthropometric measures, glycated hemoglobin, and clinical scores have a significant predictive capability for DM2 complications, especially for Primary Health Care. More complex methods were relevant for confirming the diagnosis and refining the stratification into secondary and tertiary levels. Conclusion: The rational integration of simple instruments and specialized technologies can help provide an earlier care that is more efficient and longitudinal to those with DM2, improving the organization of care and preventing further complications.
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